This is the first public note for sre-lab - a personal learning path toward platform / SRE work: IaC, lightweight Kubernetes, GitOps, and a small Go service. Before Terraform or Argo CD, I wanted a grounded base: a VM I can rebuild, a declarative first-boot config, and SSH that works without console passwords.

What follows is educational and sanitised. No secrets, no company runbooks, no employer internals - just patterns anyone can practice on a laptop.

Why a lab at all

On the CV, sre-lab is marked in progress: practice the delivery loop from laptop to cluster. The first slice is deliberately small:

  1. Run an immutable-ish Linux appliance in a local hypervisor.
  2. Configure it once with Ignition (from a readable Butane file).
  3. Reach it over SSH with a key.
  4. Only then: pin a lightweight Kubernetes install, Helm, and a smoke PVC to see where data lives.

That order matters. Skipping the OS/network layer and jumping straight to “install k3s somehow” hides the failure modes you need for day-2 thinking.

The mental model

Laptop (host OS)
  └── Hypervisor (e.g. VirtualBox)
        └── VM disk
              └── Fedora CoreOS (first boot applies Ignition)
                    └── sshd + your user
                          └── (later) k3s -> Helm -> PVC smoke test

Fedora CoreOS fits this lab because it is built around Ignition and a “don’t casually dnf install forever” mindset. Day-0 config belongs in the recipe, not in ad-hoc shell history.

Butane -> Ignition (the recipe)

  • Butane (.bu): human-readable YAML - hostname, user, public SSH key, directories, systemd units you will add later.
  • Ignition (.ign): machine JSON applied once on first boot.
  • The butane tool compiles A -> B.

Typical flow on a laptop: compile the Ignition file, serve it with a tiny HTTP server on the host, boot a CoreOS Live ISO in the VM, and install to disk with something like coreos-installer pointing at that URL.

Two lessons that cost me time (and are worth writing down):

  1. Product, not version number. A Fedora Workstation live ISO is the wrong tool for this path. You want Fedora CoreOS Live (appliance + installer + Ignition).
  2. Encoding. On Windows PowerShell, redirecting JSON with > can yield UTF-16. The HTTP download may look fine; Ignition parse will not. Prefer explicit UTF-8 when writing the .ign file.

The version field in a Butane file is the schema version of that file format - not “which Fedora release I installed.”

Networking: why 127.0.0.1:2222

With VirtualBox NAT, the guest often sits on an internal address (commonly 10.0.2.15) that your LAN never sees. Port-forward host 2222 -> guest 22, then:

ssh -i <private-key> -p 2222 [email protected]

Bridge mode can work depending on Wi-Fi/NIC quirks; NAT + forward is a reliable default for a single laptop lab.

SSH without a console password

Put the public key in Butane / on the guest authorized_keys. Keep the private key only on the host. CoreOS lab images often have no password login on the console - that is expected. Missing -i or -p usually shows up as Permission denied (publickey).

Checkpoint when it works: expected hostname, guest interface up, user core (or whatever you declared), SSH only via key.

How this ties to sre-lab

Lab slice Practice
CoreOS + Ignition + SSH Rebuildable machine identity
Next: pinned k3s + Helm + PVC Where workloads and data live on the node
Later: Terraform / Go service / Argo CD IaC + app + GitOps sync

The CV project description stays the north star; this post is the foundation chapter - the part that makes later automation honest instead of magical.

What I am deliberately not publishing

  • Private keys, tokens, or Ignition files with secrets.
  • Employer diagrams, internal hostnames, or product-specific installers.
  • Copy-paste “production” procedures. This is a personal learning loop.

If you are on a similar path: start from an empty disk, write a Butane file you understand, get SSH working, then add one systemd one-shot at a time. Reprovision from scratch at least twice - that is the real test.

First published note for sre-lab. An earlier Italian CoreOS walkthrough remains in _drafts/ for my own notes.